Keloids or hypertrophic scars can be caused by dermal injury, particularly reticular dermis. The injury will be followed by inflammation of the healing wound. Therefore, the reticular layer of keloids consists of increased numbers of fibroblasts, newly formed blood vessels, collagen deposits, and pro-inflammatory factors.

They appear as red or pink elevated firm nodules or rubber lesions. Most common sites affected are chest, arms, neck and ear lobules.

Causes include:

• Trauma
• Insect bite
• Burn Scars
• Scars from surgery
• Skin piercing
• Acne Scars
• Vaccination
• Folliculitis
• Following herpes zoster infection and chickenpox.

Various treatment modalities include:

• Intralesional injections – first line of management.
• LASER Therapy.
• Creams.